===== Phrack Magazine presents Phrack 15 ===== ===== File 5 of 8 ===== GELLED FLAME FUELS ------------------ A text phile typed by Elric of Imrryr from the book: Improvised Munitions Handbook (TM 31-210), published by the Dept of the Army, 1969. All information is provided only for information purposes only. Construction and/or use may violate local, state, and/or federal laws. (Unless your name is Ollie North) Gelled or paste type fuels are often preferable to raw gasoline for use in incendiary devices such as fire bottles. This type fuel adheres more readily to the target and produces greater heat concentration. Several methods are shown for gelling gasoline using commonly available materials. The methods are divided into the following categories based on the major ingredient: 1. Lye Systems 2. Lye-Alcohol Systems 3. Soap-Alcohol Systems 4. Egg White Systems 6. Wax Systems Lye Systems Lye (also know as caustic soda or Sodium Hydroxide) can be used in combination with powdered rosin or castor oil to gel gasoline for use as a flame fuel which will adhere to target surfaces. MATERIALS REQUIRED: ------------------ Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- 60 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle 2 (flake) or Lye Drain cleaner, Food store or Drug store 1 (powder) making of soap 15 Rosin Manufacturing Paint store, chemical supply Paint & Varnish house or Castor Oil Medicine Food and Drug stores PROCEDURE --------- ______________________________________________________________________________ |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1. Pour gasoline into jar, bottle or other container. (DO NOT USE AN ALUMINUM CONTAINER.) 2. IF rosin is in cake form, crush into small pieces. 3. Add rosin or castor oil to the gasoline and stir for about five minutes to mix thoroughly. 4. In a second container (NOT ALUMINUM) add lye to an equal volume of water slowly with stirring. ______________________________________________________________________________ |CAUTION: Lye solution can burn skin and destroy clothing. If any is | |spilled, wash away immediately with large quantities of water. | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 5. Add lye solution to the gasoline mix and stir until mixture thickens (about one minute). NOTE: The sample will eventually thicken to a very firm paste. This can be thinned, if desired, by stirring in additional gasoline. Lye-Alcohol Systems Lye (also know as caustic soda or Sodium Hydroxide) can be used in combination with alcohol and any of several fats to gel gasoline for use as a flame fuel. MATERIALS REQUIRED: ------------------ Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- 60 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle 2 (flake) or Lye Drain cleaner, Food store or Drug store 1 (powder) making of soap 3 Ethyl Alcohol Whiskey Liquor store Medicine Drug store NOTE: Methyl (wood) alcohol or isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol can be substituted for ethyl alcohol, but their use produces softer gels. 14 Tallow Food Fats rendered by cooking the Making of soap meat or suet of animals. NOTE: The following can be substituted for the tallow: (a) Wool grease (Lanolin) (very good) -- Fat extracted from sheep wool (b) Castor Oil (good) (c) Any vegetable oil (corn, cottonseed, peanut, linseed, etc.) (d) Any fish oil (e) Butter or oleo margarine It is necessary when using substitutes (c) to (e) to double the given amount of fat and of lye for satisfactory body. PROCEDURE --------- ______________________________________________________________________________ |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1. Pour gasoline into jar, bottle or other container. (DO NOT USE AN ALUMINUM CONTAINER.) 2. Add tallow (or substitute) to the gasoline and stir for about 1/2 minute to dissolve fat. 3. Add alcohol to the gasoline mixture. Mix thoroughly. 4. In a separate container (NOT ALUMINUM) slowly add lye to an equal volume of water. Mixture should be stirred constantly while adding lye. ______________________________________________________________________________ |CAUTION: Lye solution can burn skin and destroy clothing. If any is | |spilled, wash away immediately with large quantities of water. | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 5. Add lye solution to the gasoline mixture and stir occasionally until thickened (about 1/2 hour) NOTE: The sample will eventually (1 to 2 days) thicken to a very firm paste. This can be thinned, if desired, by stirring in additional gasoline. Soap-Alcohol System Common household soap can be used in combination with alcohol to gel gasoline for use as a flame fuel which will adhere to target surfaces. MATERIALS REQUIRED: ------------------ Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- 36 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle 1 Ethyl Alcohol Whiskey Liquor store Medicine Drug store NOTE: Methyl (wood) alcohol or isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol can be substituted for ethyl alcohol. 20 (powdered) or Laundry soap Washing clothes Stores 28 (flake) NOTE: Unless the word "soap" actually appears somewhere on the container or wrapper, a washing compound is probably a detergent. THESE CAN NOT BE USED. PROCEDURE --------- ______________________________________________________________________________ |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1. If bar soap is used, carve into thin flakes using a knife. 2. Pour Alcohol and gasoline into a jar, bottle or other container and mix thoroughly. 3. Add soap powder or flakes to gasoline-alcohol mix and stir occasionally until thickened (about 15 minutes). Egg System The white of any bird egg can be used to gel gasoline for use as a flame fuel. MATERIALS REQUIRED: ------------------ Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- 85 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle 14 Egg Whites Food Food store, farms Any one of the following 1 Table Salt Food, industrial Sea Water, Natural brine, processes Food stores 3 Ground Coffee Food Food store 3 Dried Tea Food Food store Leaves 3 Cocoa Food Food store 2 Sugar Food Food store 1 Saltpeter Pyrotechnics Drug store (Niter) Explosives chemical supply store (Potassium Matches Nitrate) Medicine 1 Epsom salts Medicine Drug store, food store industrial processes 2 Washing soda Washing cleaner Food store (Sal soda) Medicine Drug store Photography Photo supply store 1 1/2 Baking soda Baking Food store Manufacturing: Drug store Beverages, Mineral waters, and Medicine 1 1/2 Aspirin Medicine Drug store Food store PROCEDURE --------- ______________________________________________________________________________ |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1. Separate egg white from yolk. This can be done by breaking the egg into a dish and carefully removing the yolk with a spoon. ______________________________________________________________________________ |NOTE: DO NOT GET THE YELLOW EGG YOLK MIXED INTO THE EGG WHITE. If egg yolk| |gets into the egg white, discard the egg. | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 2. Pour egg white into a jar, bottle, or other container and add gasoline. 3. Add the salt (or other additive) to the mixture and stir occasionally until gel forms (about 5 to 10 minutes). NOTE: A thicker flame fuel can be obtained by putting the capped jar in hot (65 C) water for about 1/2 hour and then letting them cool to room temperature. (DO NOT HEAT THE GELLED FUEL CONTAINING COFFEE). Wax System Any of several common waxes can be used to gel gasoline for use as a flame fuel. MATERIALS REQUIRED: ------------------ Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- 80 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle 20 Wax Leather polish, Food store, drug store, (Ozocerite, sealing wax, department store Mineral wax, candles, fossil wax, waxed paper, ceresin wax furniture & beeswax) floor waxes, lithographing. PROCEDURE --------- 1. Melt the wax and pour into jar or bottle which has been placed in a hot water bath. 2. Add gasoline to the bottle. 3. When wax has completely dissolved in the gasoline, allow the water bath to cool slowly to room temperature. NOTE: If a gel does not form, add additional wax (up to 40% by volume) and repeat the above steps. If no gel forms with 40% wax, make a Lye solution by dissolving a small amount of Lye (Sodium Hydroxide) in an equal amount of water. Add this solution (1/2% by volume) to the gasoline wax mix and shake bottle until a gel forms. Well, that's it, I omitted a few things because they where either redundant, or more aimed toward battle field conditions. Be careful, don't get caught, and have fun... Elric of Imrryr